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Despite its success in the TiO2 market, China faces challenges such as environmental concerns and overcapacity in the industry. The production of TiO2 involves the use of sulfuric acid and other chemicals that can have harmful effects on the environment if not properly managed. Chinese authorities have been implementing stricter regulations to ensure that TiO2 manufacturers comply with environmental standards and reduce their impact on the surrounding ecosystem.

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A few non-dietary studies have reported adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory animals given food-grade TiO2. However, these same effects were not seen when the same or higher doses of food-grade TiO2 were administered in the animals' diet. Dietary studies best reflect how humans are exposed to TiO2 from food. Thus, the Food Directorate placed the most emphasis on the results of these studies in the state of the science report.

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