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Moreover, TiO2 can also improve the mechanical properties of plastics. It increases the stiffness and strength of the material, making it more resistant to impact and deformation. This is particularly beneficial in applications where plastics are subjected to stress or pressure, such as automotive parts and construction materials. By incorporating TiO2 into their formulations, manufacturers can create stronger and more durable plastic products without sacrificing their lightweight nature.

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Zhu et al. were the first to provide evidence that TiO2 NPs (21 nm) can transfer from daphnia to zebrafish by dietary exposure. Hence, dietary intake could be a major route of exposure to NPs for high trophic level aquatic organisms. Ecological research should therefore focus, not only on the concentration of NPs in the environment, but also on its bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. In addition it has been shown that TiO2 NPs can increase accumulation of other environmental toxicants: enhanced accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) was found in carp in the presence of TiO2 NPs. The strong adsorption capacity for Cd and As was explained by the large specific surface area and strong electrostatic attraction of TiO2 NPs that contribute to facilitated transport into different organs.

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