lithopone b311 powder

In conclusion, CAS 13463-67-7, representing 99% pure titanium dioxide powder, is an indispensable raw material pigment across multiple industries. Its versatility, combined with its exceptional optical and protective properties, has made it a go-to choice for formulators and manufacturers seeking to enhance the performance and aesthetics of their products. The bulk availability of this compound underscores its importance in meeting the demands of large-scale production, ensuring a reliable source for global industries.

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The current price of titanium dioxide ranges from $16,000 to $22,000 per metric ton, depending on the quality and purity of the product. The price fluctuations can be attributed to the changes in the aforementioned factors. For instance, an increase in raw material prices or a decrease in production capacity can lead to a rise in the cost of production, resulting in higher prices for consumers. On the other hand, an increase in market demand or a decrease in supply can lead to a decrease in prices.

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Nano-sized TiO2 generally shows low or no acute toxicity in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, exposure of Daphnia magna to 20 ppm TiO2 for 8 consecutive days was found to cause 40 % mortality. Zhu et al. showed minimal toxicity to D. magna after 48 h exposure, while upon chronic exposure for 21 days, D. magna suffered severe growth retardation and mortality. A significant amount of nano-sized TiO2 was found also accumulated in the body of the animals. Similar findings with coated nano-sized TiO2 (T-Lite™ SF, T-Lite™ SF-S and T-Lite™ MAX; BASF SE) were reported by Wiench et al. Biochemical measurements showed that exposure to TiO2 NPs induces significant concentration-dependent antioxidant enzyme activities in D. magna. Lee et al. showed that 7 and 20 nm-sized TiO2 induced no genotoxic effect in D. magna and in the larva of the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius.

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{随机栏目} 2025-08-16 15:07 1599
  • In vitro, in the hemocytes of the marine mussel Mytilus hemocytes, suspension of TiO2 NPs (Degussa P25, 10 μg/ml) stimulated immune and inflammatory responses, such as lysozyme release, oxidative burst and nitric oxide production. Vevers and Jha demonstrated the intrinsic genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of TiO2 NPs on a fish-cell line derived from rainbow-trout gonadal tissue (RTG-2 cells) after 24 h of exposure to 50 μg/ml. Reeves et al. demonstrated a significant increase in the level of oxidative DNA damage in goldfish cells, and suggested that damage could not repaired by DNA repair mechanisms. Another suggestion from the mentioned study was that hydroxyl radicals are generated also in the absence of UV light. It has been shown that fish cells are generally more susceptible to toxic/oxidative injury than mammalian cells.

    {随机栏目} 2025-08-16 14:51 1411