rutile tio2

Leading TiO2 producers include companies such as Chemours, Tronox, Cristal Global, Venator Materials PLC (formerly known as Huntsman), and Kronos Worldwide. These corporations often have multiple production sites around the globe, ensuring a steady supply chain for this critical material These corporations often have multiple production sites around the globe, ensuring a steady supply chain for this critical material These corporations often have multiple production sites around the globe, ensuring a steady supply chain for this critical material These corporations often have multiple production sites around the globe, ensuring a steady supply chain for this critical materialhitox tio2 manufacturers. They invest heavily in research and development to create more efficient production processes and higher quality TiO2 products.

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2: Clarification mechanism of coagulant

Chemical coagulation is a process in which chemical agents (coagulants) are added to water treatment to make colloidal dispersion system destabilize and agglomerate. In the coagulation process, small suspended particles and colloidal impurities are aggregated into larger solid particles to separate particulate impurities from water, which is called coagulation clarification.

After adding coagulant into water, colloidal particles and other small particles can be polymerized into larger flocs through the comprehensive action of mixing, coagulation and flocculation. The whole process of coagulation and flocculation is called coagulation.

(1) Destabilization and condensation of colloids

Adding electrolyte to water can compress the electric double layer and destabilize the colloid. The main mechanism is that the electric double layer of colloidal particles in water is compressed or neutralized by adding aluminum salt or iron salt coagulant. The coagulant and raw water are mixed rapidly and evenly, and a series of chemical reactions are produced to destabilize. This process takes a short time, generally about 1 min. Some cationic polymers can also play a role in the destabilization and condensation of colloids in water. These polymers have a long chain structure and positive charge in water. Their destabilization and condensation of colloids in water is due to the interaction of van der Waals force adsorption and electrostatic attraction.

(2) Flocculation and formation of floc (alum)

The particle size of the initial flocculate formed by colloid destabilization and coagulation in water is generally more than 1 m. at this time, Brownian motion can no longer push them to collide and form larger particles. In order to make the initial flocs collide with each other to form large flocs, it is necessary to input additional energy into the water to produce a velocity gradient. Sometimes it is necessary to add organic polymer flocculant into water, and the adsorption bridging effect of long chain molecules of flocculant is used to improve the probability of collision and adhesion. Flocculation efficiency usually increases with the increase of flocculate concentration and flocculation time.

Compared with polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride has the advantages of high density, fast settling speed and wide pH adaptability; the coagulation effect is less affected by temperature than that of polyaluminum sulfate; however, when adding ferric salt, it should be noted that when the equipment is not in normal operation, the iron ions will make the effluent color, and may pollute the subsequent desalination equipment.

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  • B301 lithopone is distinguished by its exceptional brightness and tinting strength, making it ideal for applications requiring a crisp, clean hue. On the other hand, B311 offers a subtle difference in terms of shade and opacity, catering to those who prefer a slightly softer yet still highly effective pigment. The nuances between these two grades may seem minor, but they significantly impact the end result, underscoring the importance of precise lithopone selection based on the intended use.
  • In the wholesale market, titanium dioxide is available in various forms, including anatase, rutile, and brookite. Each form offers distinct advantages depending on the specific application requirements. For instance, anatase titanium dioxide is known for its high photocatalytic activity, making it an ideal choice for environmental applications such as air purification and water treatment. Rutile, on the other hand, is characterized by its high refractive index and excellent weathering resistance, making it a preferred choice for automotive coatings and plastic additives.