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In a study published in 2022 in the journal Particle and Fibre Technologyresearchers examined the impact of maternal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in newborn offspring mice. They found that “a chronic exposure to TiO2 NPs during pregnancy alters the respiratory activity of offspring, characterized by an abnormally elevated rate of breathing.” Breathing was also shown to be “significantly and abnormally accelerated,” and the ability for neural circuitry to effectively adjust breathing rates was impaired. The researchers concluded: “Our findings thus demonstrate that a maternal exposure to TiO2 NPs during pregnancy affects the normal development and operation of the respiratory centers in progeny.”

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Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used food-grade additive that imparts various functionalities to food products. It is a naturally occurring mineral that has been extensively studied for its safety and effectiveness in food applications. TiO2 is classified as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and is approved for use in a wide range of food products, including beverages, confectionery, and pharmaceuticals.

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