titanium dioxide for ceramics

As awareness of the environmental consequences associated with industrial activities heightened, TiO2 industry factories began to adopt cleaner production technologies. Innovations such as the chloride process offered not only improved yields but also reduced energy consumption and waste generation. Moreover, the introduction of advanced filtration systems and waste treatment protocols significantly mitigated the environmental impact of TiO2 manufacturing.

...

In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that titanium dioxide is no longer safe in foods due to the same concerns over nanoparticles. As a result, titanium dioxide is now banned as a food additive in the EU. Although studies have shown that the absorption of ingested titanium dioxide is low, evidence suggests that titanium dioxide nanoparticles can accumulate in the body over time. Health Canada deemed it safe in 2022 but noted concerns. Unlike their European counterparts, Canadian officials did not consider studies performed with titanium dioxide nanoparticles alone. 

...